Anylizing Concepts of Justice in to Kill a Mockingbird

Analyzing the Concept of Justice in To Kill a Mockingbird Through the study this term of the central text, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, and related texts, films Rabbit Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce and In the Name of the Father by Jim Sheridan, my understanding of the concept of justice, or what constitutes justice, has altered considerably. We all think we know what justice is, or what it should be. In Australian colloquial terms, it is the principle of a â€Å"fair go† for everyone. In a perfect world, everyone is treated fairly. No-one is subjected to discrimination on the basis of race, religion, ethnicity, sex or disability. But the reality is that the world we inhabit is far from perfect, human beings are by their very natures†¦show more content†¦For him, like many other real-life Negroes in American history, the principles underpinning political, social and criminal justice failed. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus’ belief that, â€Å"in our courts all men are created equal,† ( p. 209) makes a complete mockery of the judicial system. The recent Australian film, Rabbit Proof Fence, similarly condemns the social, political and cultural mores of colonial and post-colonial Australia in relation to its past treatment of indigenous Australians. Like To Kill a Mockingbird, it too, is set in the 1930’s and reflects similar attitudes and values whites have to black people. The film is a true story based on the book by Doris Pilkington Garimara, the daughter of one of the half-caste children in the film who, together with two other Aboriginal girls, was forcibly removed from her family in Jigalong, Western Australia. These children form part of what is now known as the â€Å"Stolen Generation†. They, like many others who lived in the first part of the 20th century, were the victims of the official government assimilationist policy which decreed that half-caste children should be taken from their families and their land in order to be made â€Å"white†. The pol icy was definitely aimed at â€Å"breeding out† Aboriginality, because only half and quarter caste children were taken. Like Tom Robinson in To Kill a Mockingbird, the three girls, Molly, Daisy and Gracie are wrongfully imprisoned, discriminated against because of

Mollusk Facts Habitat, Behavior, Diet

Mollusks may be the most difficult animal group  for the average person to wrap their arms around: this family of  invertebrates  includes creatures as widely divergent in appearance and behavior as snails,  clams, and cuttlefish. Fast Facts: Mollusks Scientific Name: Mollusca (Caudofoveates, Solanogastres, Chitons, Monoplacophorans, Scaphopods, Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods)Common Name: Mollusks or molluscsBasic Animal Group: Invertebrate  Ã‚  Size: Microscopic to 45 feet in lengthWeight: Up to 1,650 poundsLifespan: Hours to centuries—the oldest is known to have lived over 500 yearsDiet:  Mostly herbivore, except for cephalopods who are omnivoresHabitat: Terrestrial and aquatic habitats on every continent and ocean in the worldConservation Status: Several species are threatened or endangered; one is extinct Description Any group that embraces  squids, clams, and slugs present a challenge when it comes to formulating a general description. There are only three characteristics shared by all living mollusks: the presence of a mantle (the rear covering of the body) that secretes calcareous (e.g., calcium-containing) structures; the genitals and anus opening into the mantle cavity; and paired nerve cords. If youre willing to make some exceptions, most mollusks can also be characterized by their broad, muscular feet which correspond to the tentacles of cephalopods, and their shells (if you exclude cephalopods, some gastropods, and the most primitive mollusks). One type of mollusk, the aplacophorans, are cylindrical worms with neither shell nor foot. Getty Images Habitat Most mollusks are marine animals that live in habitats from shallow coastal areas to deep waters. Most stay within the sediments at the bottom of water bodies, although a few—such as cephalopods—are free swimming. Species There are eight different broad categories of mollusks on our planet. Caudofoveates  are small, deep-sea mollusks that burrow into soft bottom sediments. These worm-like animals lack the shells and muscular feet characteristic of other mollusks, and their bodies are covered with scale-like, calcareous spicules.Solanogastres, like caudofoveata, are worm-like mollusks that lack shells. These small, ocean-dwelling animals are mostly blind, and either flattened or cylindrical.Chitons, also known as polyplacophorans, are flat, slug-like mollusks with calcareous plates covering the upper surfaces of their bodies; they live in intertidal waters along rocky coastlines worldwide.Monoplacophorans are deep-sea mollusks equipped with cap-like shells.  They were long believed to be extinct, but in 1952, zoologists discovered a handful of living species.Tusk shells, also known as scaphopods,  have long, cylindrical shells with tentacles extending from one end, which these mollusks use to rope in  prey from the surrounding water.Bivalves are characterized by their hinged shells and live in both marine and freshwater habitats. These mollusks have no heads, and their bodies consist entirely  of a wedge-shaped foot.Gastropods  are  the most diverse family of mollusks,  including over 60,000 species of  snails and slugs that live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.  Cephalopods, the most advanced mollusks, include  octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautiluses. Most of the members of this group either lack shells, or have small internal shells. A tusk shell. Getty Images Gastropods or Bivalves Of the roughly 100,000 known mollusk species, about 70,000 are gastropods, and 20,000 are bivalves or 90 percent of the total. It is from these two families that most people derive their general perception of mollusks as small, slimy creatures equipped with calcareous shells. While the snails and slugs of the gastropod family are eaten the world over (including as escargot in a French restaurant), bivalves are more important as a human food source, including clams, mussels, oysters, and other undersea delicacies. The largest bivalve is the giant clam (Tridacna gigas), which reaches a length of four feet and weighs 500 pounds. The oldest mollusk is a bivalve, the ocean quahog (Arctica islandica), native to the northern Atlantic and known to live at least 500 years; it is also the oldest known animal. Bright yellow banana slug. Alice Cahill/Getty Images Octopuses, Squids, and Cuttlefish Gastropods and bivalves may be the most common mollusks, but cephalopods (the family that includes octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish) are by far the most advanced. These marine invertebrates have astonishingly complex nervous systems, which allows them to engage in elaborate camouflage and even display problem-solving behavior—for example, octopuses have been known to escape from their tanks in laboratories, squish along the cold floor, and climb up into another tank containing tasty bivalves. If human beings ever go extinct, it may well be the distant, intelligent descendants of octopuses that wind up ruling the earth—or at least the oceans! The largest mollusk in the world is a cephalopod, the colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni), known to grow to between 39 and 45 feet and weigh up to 1,650 pounds.   548901005677/Getty Images Diet With the exception of cephalopods, mollusks are by and large gentle vegetarians. Terrestrial gastropods like snails and slugs eat plants, fungi, and algae, while the vast majority of marine mollusks (including bivalves and other ocean-dwelling species) subsist on plant matter dissolved in the water, which they ingest by filter feeding. The most advanced cephalopod mollusks—octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish—feast on everything from fish to crabs to their fellow invertebrates; octopuses, in particular, have gruesome table manners, injecting their soft-bodied prey with venom or drilling holes in the shells of bivalves and sucking out their tasty contents. Behavior The nervous systems of invertebrates in general (and mollusks in particular) are very different from those of vertebrate animals like fish, birds, and mammals. Some mollusks, like tusk shells and bivalves, possess clusters of neurons (called ganglions) rather than true brains, while the brains of more advanced mollusks like cephalopods and gastropods are wrapped around their esophagi rather than isolated in hard skulls. Even more weirdly, most of the neurons of an octopus are located not in its brains, but in its arms, which can function autonomously even when separated from its body. The mouth of a limpet. Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Mollusks generally reproduce sexually, although some (slugs and snails) are hermaphrodites, they still must mate to fertilize their eggs. Eggs are laid singly or in groups within jelly masses or leathery capsules. The eggs hatch into veliger larva—small, free-swimming larvae—and metamorphose into different stages, depending on the species.   Evolutionary History Because modern mollusks vary so widely in anatomy and behavior, sorting out their exact evolutionary relationships is a major challenge. In order to simplify matters, naturalists have proposed a hypothetical ancestral mollusk that displays most, if not all, of the characteristics of modern mollusks, including a shell, a muscular foot, and tentacles, among other things. We dont have any fossil evidence that this particular animal ever existed; the most any expert will venture is that mollusks descended hundreds of millions of years ago from tiny marine invertebrates known as lophotrochozoans (and even that is a matter of dispute). Extinct Fossil Families Examining the fossil evidence, paleontologists have established the existence of two now-extinct classes of mollusk. Rostroconchians lived in the worlds oceans from about 530 to 250 million years ago, and seem to have been ancestral to modern bivalves; helcionelloidans lived from about 530 to 410 million years ago, and shared many characteristics with modern gastropods. Somewhat surprisingly, cephalopods have existed on earth ever since the Cambrian period; paleontologists have identified over two dozen (much smaller and much less intelligent) genera that plied the worlds oceans over 500 million years ago. Mollusks and Humans Wayne Barrett Anne MacKay / Getty Images Over and above their historical importance as a food source—especially in the far east and the Mediterranean—mollusks have contributed in numerous ways to human civilization. The shells of cowries (a type of small gastropod) were used as money by Native Americans, and the pearls that grow in oysters, as the result of irritation by sand grains, have been treasured since time immemorial. Another type of gastropod, the murex, was cultured by the  ancient Greeks for its  dye, known as imperial purple, and the cloaks of some rulers were woven from long threads secreted by the bivalve species Pinna nobilis. Conservation Status There are over 8,600 species listed in the ICUN, of which 161 are considered Critically Endangered, 140 are Endangered, 86 are Vulnerable, and 57 are Near Threatened. One, the Ohridohauffenia drimica was last seen in 1983 in springs feeding the River Drim in Macedonia, Greece and was listed as extinct in 1996. Additional surveys have failed to find it again. Threats The vast majority of mollusks live in the deep ocean and are relatively safe from the  destruction of their habitat and depredation by humans, but thats not the case for freshwater mollusks (i.e., those that live in lakes and rivers) and terrestrial (land-dwelling) species. Perhaps not surprisingly from the perspective of human gardeners, snails and slugs are most vulnerable to extinction today, as they are systematically eradicated by agriculture concerns and picked off by invasive species carelessly introduced into their habitats. Just imagine how easily the average house cat, used to picking off skittering mice, can devastate a near-motionless colony of snails. Lakes and rivers are also prone to the introduction of invasive species, particularly mollusks which travel attached to international seagoing ships. Sources Sturm, Charles F., Timothy A. Pearce, à ngel Valdà ©s (eds.). The Mollusks: A Guide to Their Study, Collection, and Preservation. Boca Raton: Universal Publishers for the American Malacological Society, 2006.  Fyodorov, Averkii, and Havrila Yakovlev. Mollusks: Morphology, Behavior, and Ecology. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

Not a Perfect Marriage in A Streetcar Named Desire, by...

In the play, A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams, Stella and Stanley Kowalski have a far from perfect marriage. In the Kowalski household ranking is set in stone; Stanley is the alpha and protects his ranking by emotionally and physically abusing Stella. Stanley is an aggressive husband but signs of a softer side peak through Stanley’s hard exterior creating two personalities. Stanley has destroyed the meaning of sex, using sex for physical satisfaction and creating a sense of desire for Stella. By using sex as a type of desire Stanley has created an animalistic need for sex. Stanley has contrived authority over Stella, creating a strained marriage. Out of panic, Stella has become Stanley’s enabler, returning to him regardless how hard the hit, Stella accepts the abuse. Stella has become so manipulated by Stanley that she believes that the abuse is a large part of marriage. Stella has grown so dependant on Stanley that Stella grows panicked by the thought of being without Stanley. The Kowalskis have become trapped in an endless cycle of domestic abuse. Stanley Kowalski’s control over Stella Kowalski creates an environment of fear. Stanley Kowalski created gender roles to maintain control of Stella Kowalski and will allow nothing to get in the way of feeling superior. Stanley â€Å"wants to live as lord of his domain, in sexual union with his wife. He wants nothing to interfere with his dominion (Welsh 27).† When Stanley’s status is threatened, the frustrationShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Women in America Around 1945 1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Women in America Around 1945 A Streetcar named Desire written by Tennessee William, show the reality of 1945, where women had a lower status than men thus implying a lower importance. There was a clear inequality between genders, perhaps as a function of the war and the need for everything to be â€Å"normal† again. Both the book A Streetcar named Desire, and the general society of 1945, show the same ideals of how a woman should be in order to fit into society. This is particularly theRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams1923 Words   |  8 Pagesreally† -Tennessee Williams. Tennessee Williams was one of the most daring authors of his time, and still known as one of the best; because of his many bold, provocative, and inspiring works. He especially used A Streetcar Named Desire to express what he has gone through and what he felt in his life. In A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams uses sexuality and abuse to create awareness in the reader on the social taboos of society. â€Å"They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and transferRead MoreTennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire - Blanche DuBois Fragile Psyche1554 Words   |  7 PagesBlanche’s Fragile Psyche in A Streetcar Named Desire      Ã‚  Ã‚   Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire is to some extent living an unreal existence, according to Jonathan Briggs, book critic for the Clay County Freepress. In Tennessee Williams play, A Streetcar Named Desire, the readers are introduced to a character named Blanche DuBois. Blanche is Stellas younger sister who has come to visit Stella and her husband Stanley in New Orleans. After their first meeting Stanley develops a strongRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire Masculinity Analysis1054 Words   |  5 Pagesin A Streetcar Named Desire Tall, dark, and handsome has long been the standard of a desirable man. 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A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen and A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams are two well-known plays that give rise to discussions over male-female relationships in old society. The female protagonists in the plays are women who are dependentRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire - First Impressions1338 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿A Streetcar Named Desire – Our First Impressions In the opening two scenes of ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams, the audience has its first and generally most important impressions formulated on characters, the plot and the mood and tone of the play overall. The first scene opens overlooking the setting of the play, post WW2 New Orleans. New Orleans as a city was the biggest city in ‘the South’ at the time, a place where the industry of the Second World War had boomed, creatingRead MoreRelationship Between Relationships And Relationships1527 Words   |  7 Pagesobvious. Relationships can range anywhere from friends to marriages. There are many different types of relationships, (comma or semicolon?) none of which are alike. Although, most people see relationships as good, some of them are bad and unhealthy. They can sometimes cause major problems that affect the people involved and others too. Relationships can also be between groups of people. Many stories have racism in them which is a perfect example of bad relationships with groups of people. AlmostRead MoreThe Characters and Madness in â€Å"a Streetcar Named Desire†1362 Words   |  6 PagesIn Tennessee Williams play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† madn ess continues to get progressively worse in the lives of the main characters Stanly, Stella, and Blanche. Because of low self esteem and her delusional thought process Blanche is most affected by the madness. Blanche’s delusional life style leads her to compulsively lie, live a promiscuous life style, and alcoholism. Blanche tries constantly to deal with her own madness, but her delusional mental state is constantly effect by the peopleRead MoreThe Line Between Reality and Fantasy (a Streetcar Named Desire Essay)1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe Line Between Reality and Fantasy In the play A Streetcar Named Desire (ASND) by Tennessee Williams, one of the big themes from the play is the theme of illusion. Stella, Stanley, and Blanche allow illusion to shape and control their lives because they all see it as the best way towards happiness. Blanche’s life is an illusion because she wants to believe that she is still young, beautiful, and innocent while trying to hide from her past. While the role that illusion plays in Stella’s lifeRead MoreThe Analysis of the Mythic Dimension in ‘a Streetcar Named Desired’6094 Words   |  25 Pagesin ‘A Streetcar Named Desired’ Background This paper tells about American South which exposed in A Streetcar Named Desire written by Tennesse Williams. The changes were drawn from the life experience of the main characters in the play, named Blanche Du Bois. Here, we try to explore about the analysis of the main character, Blanch Du Bois. Problem and its Scope This study principally constitus the analyze of the myth in a play that written by Tennese William entitled ‘A Streecar Named Desire’

Indigenous Cultures in Indonesia Today - 1014 Words

Indigenous Cultures of Indonesia Today Erlangga Rajendra Geography 1500 Dr. Moshe Rapaport Indigenous Cultures of Indonesia Today The Republic of Indonesia is the worlds fourth most populous nation, with a population of 203 million people living on around a thousand permanently occupied islands. The population is constituted by some 200-300 ethnic groups each speaking their own language and dialects. The Indonesian national culture is multicultural and is anchored on the older societies and interethnic relations. The national culture was developed by those who fought the Dutch colonialists in the 21st century. During this period, there were cultural stresses that the colonialists like the Dutch, the Portuguese and others brought†¦show more content†¦The law should stress the importance of traditional cultural practices and resources like forests to the indigenous people and encourage their representation in any corporate decision that may affect them ( Pye amp; Jacobson , 2012). Alliance of Indigenous Peoples of the Archipelago (AMAN) is actively fighting for the right of indigenous people to control their resources like land, forests, indigenous religion from interference from the corporates. They are pushing for political representation and free and prior informed consent before any major decision to use their resources by the government and corporates. This free and prior informed consent (FPIC) is today not yet incorporated into law and this is seen by AMAN to be favoring businesses, political elites and bureaucrats. FPIC, if entrenched into law would make businesses responsible in their activities as it would punish those who break it ( Pye amp; Jacobson , 2012). Despite Indonesia being a signatory the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the indigenous people say they are not allowed to enjoy its benefits. Several conflicts between businesses and the indigenous are reported monthly. There are some changes that have been felt in the last decade since the state amended the constitution to recognize the indigenous people’s rights. The law also stresses the right of indigenous people to theirShow MoreRelatedFilm Evaluation-the Linguists1160 Words   |  5 PagesBolivia, and Siberia are some examples. 3. Who typically stops speaking the indigenous language, and why do you think that is? Often children, because they integrate into a more popular language. They do this for an economic advantage. 4. What has been the role of boarding schools on the use of indigenous languages? Provide some examples. Mitigated disaster. Kalinga Institute in India has 60 indigenous minority groups are educated in English and taught Hindu religion, which putsRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination of the Chinese in Indonesia1096 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Chinese in Indonesia Indonesia is made up of many different smaller ethnic groups. Most of these smaller groups are indigenous people of the Indonesian islands, â€Å"Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or unspecified 29.9%.† (2000 census) Chinese people born in China and Chinese people born in Indonesia make up 2-3 percent of Indonesia’s total population. Although some Chinese people in Indonesia are still consideredRead MoreAnthropology : Indigenous People And Tribes Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesArjhong Mardani IHSS Dr. Lee December 5, 2016 Anthropology: Indigenous People/Tribes Change due to Outside Contact Outside Contact does not inevitably result in depopulation, despite the fact, that in many cases, it is followed by cultural and social disintegration. I will bring up the reasons to why outside contact change tribes, and why these their cultures change over time due to outside contact. So what is Social Anthropology, and how does it relateRead MoreAnthropology : Indigenous People And Tribes Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesArjhong Mardani IHSS Dr. Lee December 5, 2016 Anthropology: Indigenous People/Tribes Change due to Outside Contact Outside contact does not always result in depopulation, despite the fact, that in many cases, it s followed by cultural and social disintegration. I will bring up the reasons to why outside contact changes Indigenous people/tribes, and why these their cultures have changed juristically over time. So what is Social Anthropology, and how does it relate to Australian Aborigines? SocialRead MoreCase Study Iia Australia and New Zealand: Doing Business with Indonesia1555 Words   |  7 PagesNew Zealand: Doing Business with Indonesia There are thousands of Australians, both individually and as members of organizations, who share trade and education with Indonesia as do New Zealanders. Yet, though geographically part of Asia, citizens of Australia and New Zealand are members of cultures very different from any other in Asia. As increasingly they seek to trade in Asia, so also do they need to learn to manage such differences; and doing business in Indonesia is a good example. Travelling timeRead MoreBrazil Geography and Culture1542 Words   |  7 PagesBrazil: Geography and Culture Geography Brazil with a background of Portuguese colonialism back in 1500 is the largest nation in Latin America, nearly half (47%) of the South American continent, comprises slightly under half of the land mass in South America continent and share border with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador. Brazil size is almost the size of United States excluding Alaska. Brazil has 13 cities with over one million residents. The main capital is BrasiliaRead MoreDutch During The World Of Indonesia1177 Words   |  5 PagesTrading in Indonesia The nation of Indonesia has barely had independence for less than a hundred years. Before the Japanese captured the country; Indonesia was in the control of the Dutch for 350 years. Indonesia did not receive its independence till December 1949. Why did the Dutch decide to settle land in what was commonly known as the Dutch East Indies and how were the lives of the natives affected? Going back further in history on why the Dutch decided to colonize what is now modern Indonesia wasRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization And Globalization1582 Words   |  7 Pagesactions of some powerful individuals are affecting the indigenous people of the lands they invade and deface for the â€Å"greater good† of mankind. Whole tribes and ways of life are being eradicated to make way for hydroelectric dams, mines, million-acre mega farms, canals, and bridges. These people are left with two options: to fight for their sacred land, or to leave and let these massive foreign projects destroy everything they once knew. The culture of these people is also being transformed in the processRead MoreAnthropology And The Study Of Culture1221 Words   |  5 Pages1. Anthropology and the Study of Culture a. The field of anthropology that I find to be most interesting is anthropological linguistics. Personally, I believe this subdivision is so interesting because it is so diverse and covers so much ground on how our language and others have evolved over time. Ranging from early cave writings, to sign language, to the language and slang we all know and use today, language among not only our cultures but also others have vastly changed and there is proof ofRead MoreThe Year Of The Flood1677 Words   |  7 Pagespast deeds it can be anticipated that she will continue to stand as a servant of God due to her immense beliefs and rigorous efforts to combat deforestation for the welfare of the community; live a life of heroic virtue as she fights to preserve her culture and property rights of her people; remain praised and idolized in her community for her accomplishments and facilitate yet more miracles such as obligating the government to accept, honor and fulfil the demands of her tribe a s well as facilitating

Analysis Of Gwendolyn Brooks And Robert Hayden s Poetry

Reflective Writing An Analysis of Gwendolyn Brooks and Robert Hayden’s Poetry Many artists are also historians, people who record first-hand experience of history, making note of important events to which many will make reference. Artist do this through music, writing, and orally through passed-down stories and legends. In the area of writing, there are many different types which display historical understanding. These categories divide into poems, prose, short stories, and long stories. The category which touches more on the personal and emotional side of historical reference is poetry. Two major poets, born about by the Harlem Renaissance which nurtured many new artists, predominately black, were Gwendolyn Brooks and Robert Hayden. These two poets and writers were greatly influenced by the Harlem Renaissance, a time in which African Americans were displaying their capabilities in the department of entertainment. Their poetry captures two main ideas in that it reflects struggles faced by African Americans in that time, and expresses universal human longings. Two poems to which the focus will be geared are Gwendolyn Brooks’ â€Å"The Explorer,† and Robert Hayden’s, â€Å"Frederick Douglass.† Each of these poems recognize the subservient nature black people were forced into. These texts also display the want each person has for individuality through freedom. These poets are wonderful examples of historians through poetry, because each of these poems contains abundant information andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Message From Mirror, Courage, Explore, Douglas1234 Words   |  5 PagesAn analysis of 1 message from Mirror, Courage, Explore, Douglas â€Å"Live life to the fullest because you only get to live once.† Life is full of ups and downs and it will not always be perfect but if you live life great and look at it optimistically then it will be great. Life goes fast and is some moments of it you blink and the memory is gone. We need to look at life like it is great and easy. Take high school for example as you live in it, it is horrible and sucks but if you ask other people they

Analyzing The Story of an Hour Essay Example For Students

Analyzing The Story of an Hour Essay The Story of an Hour is a short essay that describes what Mrs. Mallard goes through when she finds out her husband has been killed in a train accident. At first she is extremely sad but when she looks out the window it becomes apparent to her that she is free. Mrs. Mallard is overwhelmed with the thought that her body and soul are now free. Despite the loss of Mr. Mallard she is overcome with happiness and feels rejuvenated with the prospect of being free in years to come. In a sense she feels like a bird that has just been let out of its cage after years of captivity. After a while she heads back down stairs to talk to Richards, the man that brought her the news of her husbands death. As soon as she gets to the bottom of the stairs Mr. Mallard walks in looking a little travel stained. The shock of seeing her husband alive causes her to have a heart attack and die. Mrs. Mallard plays a character that has to deal with very serious emotions. Her emotional state goes from one end of the spectrum to the other in only an hour. It seems that she dies because of the joy of seeing her husband alive. I think she dies because of an entirely different reason. She had a history of heart problems but those could be attributed to the fact that she was unhappy and felt like she was in captivity. When Mrs. Mallard realized that she was free it seemed that an elixir ran through her body and made her feel brand new and wonderful. I believe that if her husband had really died she would have lived many more years. Upon finding out that her husband was indeed alive she died. The doctor said that it was over joy that caused her heart to fail. The way Mrs. Mallards character had acted up until this point leads us in another direction. Her death was almost like a suicide. When Mr. Mallard showed up she then knew that she would be returned to captivity. She chose death over leaving the happiness that she had so briefly enjoyed. She did not want to go on living wishing that she had the freedom she had once known. The story is told through Mrs. Mallards point of view. If the story had been told by anyone else it would have had no meaning at all. The story would have just been a women dying of heart disease because she could not take the emotional roller coaster of finding out her husband was dead and then seeing him alive. People could argue both points but the clues Mrs. Mallard gave us shows the way to the real meaning of this story. The story being told from Mrs. Mallards point of view is essential in making the readers aware of the underlying reasons of her death. When she dies everyone has positive memories. Mrs. Mallard  is happy because she gets the freedom she wanted so desperately and Mr. Mallard believes his wife died of joy because he was still alive. This story symbolizes the way many women feel in the world today. To many women feel that they are prisoners in their relationships. Not very many women feel that they have the freedom they deserve. Most women do not have the courage to end unhappy relationships so they just go on being miserable. Mrs. Mallard had a not so pleasant way of obtaining her freedom but she did it none the less. Her husband never did anything really wrong and always showed her love, but she just was not happy. The Story of an Hour symbolizes the way some women feel confined in relationships.

Secrets of the Mind Essay Example For Students

Secrets of the Mind Essay There are hundreds and thousands of cases when we are not able to explain why the brain acts in this or that way and why we feel strange things. As medical journals show, some of them have been repeating throughout certain periods of time causing confusion as well as demanding an explanation. The following stories had interested one neurologist. Case #1 Dr. Ramachandran diagnosed Derek Steen with what he called â€Å"Phantom limb syndrome†. The thing is that the patient could feel his amputated arm. The therapist’s task was to clear up the situation and figure out what caused Derek to have strange feelings and sensation in the limb that no longer existed. So, the doctor started his experiment by tipping body parts with a cotton stick. This would allow him to find out how the body reacts and what are the rates of feelings. The moment the therapist was touching Derek’s cheek, the patient could sense cotton stick moving across his right phantom limb. To Dr. Ramachandran’s opinion, the right side of the brain has the mapping of the left part of the body that is transferred with the help of cortex usually called the primary somatosensory cortex. What Dr. Ramachandran had found was that the sensory pathways in the brain were reorganized after the patient had his hand dismembered. The crux of the matter lies behind the fact that after the hand had been amputated, the signals that control face senses started the occupation of the brain areas that were responsible for hand senses. As a result, the patient had the same feelings in the phantom limb as on the cheek. Case #2 Graham struggled unusual condition, unable to see anything around him. Blindsight, as they called it, was his diagnosis. His peculiarity lied behind the ability to sense the world. However, he could feel and sense things mowing only in the field of vision on the left, while the field of view on the right seemed to be shut off. The doctor realized trues definition of the vision, which is not only about seeing things but also feeling and detecting them, even if you have no idea of the object or subject. Having conducted research, Dr. Ramachandran came up with a new understanding of our vision. He concluded that our eyes have two pathways: one pathway leads to the visual cortex responsible for the recognition of things, and another one serves as a connection between the eyes and the brain dealing with the sense of things. So, each pathway has a different function when it comes to visual activity. If the visual cortex is unaffected and the pathway functioned in a proper way, Graham would not be suffering blindsight. Visual cortex with the wrecked pathway caused Graham to only sense and feel things moving, without exact detection of the object. Case #3 Peggy Palmer was the patient who suffered slightly different condition. Her diagnosis was not Blind Sight, but, what they called, visual neglect. The stroke in the parietal lobe of the brain caused such a condition Dr. Ramachandran gave his explanation saying that due to parietal lobes, our brain produces a 3D image of the world making it possible to have a good direction sense. What concerned Peggy, she saw only one side, either left or right. To put it simply, she could see only half of the reality. So they conducted one experiment in order to prove this theory. They asked the patient to represent the flower, the one she remembered, on the paper. During the procedure, the doctor noticed that Peggy was depicting the plant, but the right half of it only. That was how the patient saw things. The expression of surprise overwhelmed her when they said that it was only half of the flower. The patient did not even suspect that all her life she was not able to see things as they were and actually had a vision problem. So, another conclusion can be made: besides the difficulty with the visual perception, the patient had some awareness issues. Dr. Ramachandran divided the brain into around thirty areas, each of them is responsible for different aspects such as perception of color, depth, movement, shape etc. Visual input is divided into two links concerned with the processing. One of them is known as â€Å"How pathway† responsible for guidance and directions, another one is called â€Å"What pathway† that has to do with the identification of objects. .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 , .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .postImageUrl , .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 , .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970:hover , .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970:visited , .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970:active { border:0!important; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970:active , .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970 .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u112c1436cdb701dbb9ec4e94f537e970:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hate Crimes EssayCase #4 This case is an example of what happens when the â€Å"What pathway† is damaged. David’s diagnosis was Capgras syndrome. For him, it was hard to recognize people whom he knew. Moreover, he did not even recognize his parents and home. From time to time, he did forget that who he was and behaved himself like a totally different person. The neurologist believed that temporal lobes had to do with it. In case the temporal lobe is damaged and hardly send any signal to the amygdala when the person is seeing or looking at things, then they are unable to show the emotional reaction. As a result,   they start denying things and expressing their disagreement with what they see. Our understanding of the world is intertwined with the emotional response to the world meaning that anyone who suffers this condition to overcome it. Case #5 TLE, or in other words Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, had affected John Sharon causing him painful seizures. The patient experienced emotions, which created a feeling of special linking to the world surrounding him. It often happened that John could come up with his philosophy and view of life. After seizures, John often spoke of small and unimportant objects as of the most significant things in his life. As Dr. Ramachandran said, seizures induced by temporal lobe may cause people to think and feel strange and powerful emotions. That energy that lives within the person after a seizure is often treated as the sense of the presence of God. Dr. Ramachandran is sure that temporal lobe is the one that influences the pathways which make people consider objects that really do not matter as the most important and special ones.